Main Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
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Remarks | Piscivorous. Pelagic. Found as individuals or in schools (Ref. 127989). Inhabits inshore and offshore waters, frequently around islands. Epipelagic. Hunting predator. Feeds on small pelagic fish, squids, mantis shrimp, and krill (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | da Silva Monteiro, V.M., 1998 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.22 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |