Main Ref. | Reay, P.J., 1986 |
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Remarks | Feeds on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 4674). Found in inshore waters, rarely offshore. Alternates between lying buried in the sand and swimming in schools in the water mass. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
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Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Reay, P.J., 1986 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | Reay, P.J., 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.08 | 0.07 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.16 | 0.32 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bogorov, V.G., B.P. Manteifel and A.E. Pavlova, 1939 |