Main Ref. | Pattengill, C.V., B.X. Semmens and S.R. Gittings, 1997 |
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Remarks | Commonly found on hard or semi-hard bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 9626); in harbors and around pilings and sea walls, out to outer reefs. Mobile invertebrates feeder (Ref. 57616). A planktivore species (Ref. 126840). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | Cervigón, F., 1993 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Pattengill, C.V., B.X. Semmens and S.R. Gittings, 1997 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Pattengill, C.V., B.X. Semmens and S.R. Gittings, 1997 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |