Main Ref. | Griffiths, M.H., 1997 |
---|---|
Remarks | Adult fish found mainly nearshore beyond the surf zone, occasionally going inshore. Juveniles exclusively found inshore. Juveniles recruit to estuaries (Ref.11025). These fish are solitary, juveniles form loose schools (Ref. 6390). It is believed that larvae develop at sea for several months before moving into the estuaries when about 10 cm long (Ref. 12198). Juveniles and young adults are more commonly found in lower rivers and embayments (Ref. 6390). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Soft Bottom: rocky; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Griffiths, M.H., 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.48 | 0.61 | 4.34 | 0.65 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.20 | 0.70 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Griffiths, M.H., 1997 |