| 主要参考文献 | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Inhabit coral reefs of the Indo-West Pacific Region (Ref. 9137, 58534). Most often encountered in clear water of outer reefs to depths of at least 150 m. Often found in exposed rather than protected reef areas (Ref. 5213). Form haremic groups comprising of a dominant male and 2 to 12 females. These groups occupy territories of up to 475 sq m subdivided into secondary territories and defended by a single female (Ref. 6480). Generally common (Ref. 9710). Feed on fishes (80%, mainly Pseudanthias squamipinnis) and crustaceans. Feeding occur mainly during the early morning and midafternoon (Ref. 54301). |
Aquatic zones / Water bodies
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Habitat
| Substrate | Benthic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Associations
| 参考文献 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
进食
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Shpigel, M. and L. Fishelson, 1989 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Shpigel, M. and L. Fishelson, 1989 |
Trophic Level(s)
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | 4.29 | 0.51 | 4.02 | 0.58 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
| 从个别的食物项目 | 4.16 | 0.72 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | Shpigel, M. and L. Fishelson, 1989 | ||||