Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1991 |
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Remarks | Found in steep outer reef slopes, sometimes forming large aggregations feeding on zooplankton several meters above the bottom. Juveniles remain close to shelter. Nest in small patches of loose sand under ledges or at the base of slopes (Ref. 9710). Diurnal species (Ref. 54980; 113699). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1991 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1991 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |