| 主な参照 | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
|---|---|
| 意見 | Feeds on fish and zooplankton (Ref. 188). In open sea, not approaching shores; in winter found mainly in southern part, migrating to middle parts of sea in spring (especially the eastern half), returning south in November - December; occurs in upper layers in March - April, but descend to 16 to 32 m in summer and autumn. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 参照 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 供給様式 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| 食性 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | 原本のサンプル | Unfished population | 意見 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 餌料組成から | |||||
| 個々の食物品目から | 3.44 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参照 | |||||