Main Ref. | Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986 |
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Remarks | Feeds mainly on algae supplemented by small invertebrates. In the Mediterranean, inhabits shallow coastal waters above sandy substrates often covered with sea grass (Ref. 127989). Caught in shallow coastal waters, mainly in muddy quiet areas. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Unsworth, R.K., L.M. Nordlund and L.C. Cullen-Unsworth, 2018 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.80 | 0.29 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |