Ecology Summary - Epinephelus coioides

Língua:

Ref. principal	Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra, 1991
Notas	Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390). Inhabit turbid coastal reefs (Ref. 9710) and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 27362) over mud and rubble (Ref. 6390). Juveniles are common in shallow waters of estuaries over sand, mud and gravel and among mangroves (Refs. 6390, 127989). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feeds mainly on fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. 30°C temperatures and 3% salinities provide peak survival environments. Dwells in benthic, rocky substrates and along the continental slope (Ref. 127989).

Ref. principal

Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra, 1991

Notas

Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390). Inhabit turbid coastal reefs (Ref. 9710) and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 27362) over mud and rubble (Ref. 6390). Juveniles are common in shallow waters of estuaries over sand, mud and gravel and among mangroves (Refs. 6390, 127989). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feeds mainly on fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. 30°C temperatures and 3% salinities provide peak survival environments. Dwells in benthic, rocky substrates and along the continental slope (Ref. 127989).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuários/lagunas/áreas estuarinas manguezais pântanos/brejos	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Cavernas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Epinephelus coioides may be found.

Habitat

Substrato	Benthic; Soft Bottom: mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble;
Substrate Ref.	Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004
Habitats especiais	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Broad, G., 2003

Associações

Ref.
Associações
Associada com
Comentários sobre associação
Parasitismo

Alimentação

Tipo de alimentação	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Parrish, J.D., 1987
Hábito alimentar	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Parrish, J.D., 1987

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Amostra original		População virgem (não pescada)		Nota
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Nota
Da composição da dieta	4.00				Troph of adults from 1 study.
Dos itens alimentares individuais	4.05	0.62			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005

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