Main Ref. | |
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Remarks | High-oceanic, found between 475-1000 m during the day; nyctoepipelagic at surface and down to 250 m ( maximum abundance at 100 m) (Ref. 4479). Mesopelagic (Ref. 5951). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hopkins, T.L., T.T. Sutton and T.M. Lancraft, 1996 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Hopkins, T.L., T.T. Sutton and T.M. Lancraft, 1996 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.15 | 3.06 | 0.12 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.00 | 0.00 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |