Main Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L., 1987 |
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Remarks | Found around rocks and seaweeds. Sometimes schooling, more solitary when older. Feeds on sea urchins, ophiuroids, molluscs, crabs and worms. Mature when 2 years old (15-20 cm). Spawns during February to May in western Mediterranean.. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L., 1987 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L., 1987 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.55 | 0.46 | 3.13 | 0.28 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.45 | 0.44 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Dulčić, J, 1999 |