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Ref. principal | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
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Notas | Occur in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Inhabit offshore coral reefs and also inshore rocky and coral reefs (Refs. 30573, 9773). Juveniles frequent mangrove estuaries and lower reaches of freshwater streams (Refs. 30573, 48635, 9773). Adults on clear outer reefs at moderate depths, usually over 20 m, and is more common in about 50 m depth (Refs. 48635, 9773). Feed on benthic invertebrates and fish (Ref. 5213). Also feed on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 11889). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Da composição da dieta | 4.10 | 0.40 | 4.14 | 0.65 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.80 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Salini, J.P., S.J.M. Blaber and D.T. Brewer, 1994 |