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อ้างอิงหลัก | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
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ข้อสังเกต | Nocturnal species which occurs inshore near reefs (Ref. 7300). Feeds on zooplankton and benthic animals (Ref. 11889, 6110). Exhibits the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, it appears to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
อ้างอิง | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
วิธีการให้อาหาร | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
นิสัยในการกินอาหาร | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Estimation method | ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม | ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง | ข้อสังเกต | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร | 3.34 | 0.22 | 3.27 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด | 3.57 | 0.55 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
อ้างอิง | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |