Main Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
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Remarks | Inhabits lakes and pools and runs of medium to large rivers (Ref. 1998, 10294), reservoirs, and occasionally enters mouths of smaller creeks (Ref. 10294). Most common in clear water over sand or gravel. Forms schools (Ref. 1998). Moves to the surface at dusk to feed on microcrustaceans, midge larvae, and algae; descends to deeper waters at daybreak (Ref. 1998). Preyed upon by birds (gulls, terns, mergansers, cormorants) and fishes (Ref. 1998). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.80 | 0.29 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |