Ecology Summary - Pareques lineatus

語言:

主要參考文獻	Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022
附註	Occurs in rocky and coral reefs from one to about 100 meters deep, and usually between three and 30 meters. Juveniles of about the same age, often in groups of 3-7, were observed in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices, The young are usually found in small groups of up to three individuals in 5-20 m, while adults are in groups of three to at least 25 individuals, among rocks, under ledges, inside caves and, at daylight, in the water column, mixing schools with fishes of similar size, such as haemulids. The species is mainly nocturnal, spending the day sheltered and feeding at night on sand, grass beds, mud, and rubble bottoms close to the reef, feeding on crustaceans, polychaetes, small bony fishes, zooplankton, and algae. In Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, a group of about 20 adults was observed cleaning and picking mucus or parasites off a large stingray, Hypanus berthalutzae, that stayed quietly at the bottom (Ref. 128874).

主要參考文獻

Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022

附註

Occurs in rocky and coral reefs from one to about 100 meters deep, and usually between three and 30 meters. Juveniles of about the same age, often in groups of 3-7, were observed in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices, The young are usually found in small groups of up to three individuals in 5-20 m, while adults are in groups of three to at least 25 individuals, among rocks, under ledges, inside caves and, at daylight, in the water column, mixing schools with fishes of similar size, such as haemulids. The species is mainly nocturnal, spending the day sheltered and feeding at night on sand, grass beds, mud, and rubble bottoms close to the reef, feeding on crustaceans, polychaetes, small bony fishes, zooplankton, and algae. In Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, a group of about 20 adults was observed cleaning and picking mucus or parasites off a large stingray, Hypanus berthalutzae, that stayed quietly at the bottom (Ref. 128874).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/瀉湖/半鹹淡水海洋 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞專門地

Highighted items on the list are where Pareques lineatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble;
Substrate Ref.	Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022

Associations

參考文獻	Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022
Associations	symbiosis;
Associated with	In Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, a group of about 20 adults was observed cleaning and picking mucus or parasites off a large stingray, Hypanus berthalutzae, that stayed quietly at the bottom (Ref. 128874).
Association remarks
Parasitism

進食

攝取食物的類型
Feeding type Ref.
攝取食物的習慣
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	最初的樣本		不捕獲族群		附註
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	附註
從食物內容
從個別的食物項目
參考文獻

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