Main Ref. | Konings, A., 1988 |
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Remarks | Is a specialized scale-eater but is still euryphagous, like most lepidophagous fishes. Juveniles feed on a wide variety of food items but the adults feed mainly on fish scales. The majority of adults; however, also take other food at the same time. Parents guarding their young seem to depend more on zooplankters than are solitary adults, owing to the limitation of their movements (Ref. 42327). Generally, this species prefers fish that feed from the algal layer or fish which are inattentive, the usual prey being Tropheus and Pseudosimochromis (Ref. 7343). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Konings, A., 1988 |
Feeding habit | other |
Feeding habit Ref. | Konings, A., 1988 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.16 | 0.86 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |