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生态学： Pseudopleuronectes americanus
 
主要参考文献 Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981
附注 It is preyed upon by monkfish, dogfish, sea raven, harbor, harp and grey seals. Parasites of the species include 6 protozoans, 2 myxosporidians, 13 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 7 nematodes, 3 acanthocephalans, 2 brachiurans and 1 copepod (Ref. 5951).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • 河口/泻湖/半咸淡水海洋
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • 洞
  • 专门地
Highighted items on the list are where Pseudopleuronectes americanus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

参考文献
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

进食

摄取食物的类型 mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981
摄取食物的习惯 hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method 最初的样本 不捕获族群 附注
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
从食物内容 3.62 0.08 2.84 0.34 Troph of juv./adults from 5 studies.
从个别的食物项目 3.08 0.54 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
参考文献 Hacunda, J.S., 1981
(例如 346)
(例如 oophagy)
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