Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 2004 |
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Remarks | Inhabit clear-water outer reef slopes and channels from depths of 1 to at least 35 m, in areas with mixed rock and coral substrates. The color is variable depending on depth and surroundings. Fishes from deeper water (below about 15 m) tend to be reddish, whereas those from shallow depths are often brown or greenish. The filamentous skin flaps on the head and body help to enhance its disguise, appearing like a growth of stubbly seaweed (Ref. 54301). Venomous spines. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 2004 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 2004 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.88 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |