Main Ref. | Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984 |
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Remarks | Inhabits rocky shore areas. Juveniles associate with drifting seaweed (Ref. 12114, 12115). Feeds on crabs and fishes (Ref. 9137). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
ссылка | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Замечание | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.25 | 0.44 | 4.01 | 0.50 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.03 | 0.67 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ссылка | Fujita, T., D. Kitagawa, Y. Okuyama, Y. Ishito, T. Inada and Y. Jin, 1995 |