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Main Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
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Remarks | Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Inhabit sandy areas in sea inlets (Ref. 9137). Common along beaches, sandbars, mangrove creeks and estuaries. Recorded from freshwater. Form schools. Adults bury themselves in the sand when disturbed (Refs. 6205, 9773). Feed mainly on polychaete worms, small prawns (Penaeus), shrimps and amphipods (Refs. 6226, 6227, 9773). Larvae and juveniles are pelagic feeding on plankton (Ref. 43081). Benthic shoaling species. Known to burrow in the sand to feed and hide from predators (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: burrows; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
संदर्भ | |
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Associations | shoaling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Chacko, P.I., 1949 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Chacko, P.I., 1949 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | टिप्पणी | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.33 | 0.10 | 3.30 | 0.38 | Troph of juv./adults from 11 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.30 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
संदर्भ | Gunn, J.S. and N.E. Milward, 1985 |