| المرجع الرئيسي | Konchina, Y.V., 1983 |
|---|---|
| ملاحظات | Often found offshore, up to 500 miles from the coast (Ref. 9283). Forms large schools (Ref. 2850). Young frequently occur in school near kelp and under piers (Ref. 2850). Feeds mainly on small crustaceans and fish larvae (Ref. 9283). Large individuals often move inshore and north in the summer (Ref. 2850). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| مرجع | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| نوع التغذية | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Konchina, Y.V., 1983 |
| العادات الغذائية | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Konchina, Y.V., 1983 |
| Estimation method | العينة الأصلية | مجتمعات لم يتم صيدها | ملاحظة | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| من التركيبة الغذائية | 3.57 | 0.20 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
| من العناصر الغذائية المفردة | 3.82 | 0.52 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| مرجع | Konchina, Y.V. and Y.P. Pavlov, 1995 | ||||