Knipowitschia punctatissima (Canestrini, 1864)
Italian spring goby
Knipowitschia punctatissima
photo by Sanna, F.

Family:  Gobiidae (Gobies), subfamily: Gobionellinae
Max. size:  4.5 cm SL (female)
Environment:  demersal; freshwater
Distribution:  Europe: Italy and Croatia (Ref. 26100) and Slovenia (Ref. 119201).
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 8-8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-8; Anal spines: 1-1; Anal soft rays: 7-7; Vertebrae: 31-31. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: no head lateral line canals; scales only under pectoral; body of live breeding males with 10-15 dark, irregular bars; D1 7 rays, D2 8.5 branched rays, A 7-8.5 branched rays (Ref. 59043); interorbit with uniserial row of papillae flanking each orbit (Ref. 12215).
Biology:  A short-lived species (less than 2 years) which occurs in small and karstic springs and streams, densely vegetated channels and slow-flowing streams (Ref. 59043); with constant water temperature, on sand or gravel with or without vegetation, also in silty areas, provided that the water remains clear (Ref. 26100). Feeds on small invertebrates. Spawns after first winter (February-July); females may spawn more than once during this season. Males defend the eggs deposited in cavities under stones, plant material or shells. Postlarvae pelagic. This species is threatened by water abstraction, which lowers the water table and habitat destruction caused by desiccation of some springs (Ref. 59043).
IUCN Red List Status: Near Threatened (NT); Date assessed: 31 January 2006 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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