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Solea senegalensis
Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858
Senegalese sole
Solea senegalensis
photo by Canosa, C. & B.F. Souto

Family:  Soleidae (Soles)
Max. size:  60 cm SL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  demersal; marine; depth range 12 - 100 m
Distribution:  Eastern Atlantic: Mainly Central Atlantic (from France to Angola). Western Mediterranean: Herculean migrant (entered the Mediterranean via Gibraltar) (Ref. 43448).
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 72-95; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 60-75; Vertebrae: 44-46. Last ray of dorsal and anal fins joined by a low membrane to the base of the caudal fin. Supratemporal branch of lateral line forming an arch. Anterior nostril on the blind side not enlarged, its diameter about half that of the eye; it is situated rather close to the front margin of head, the distance slightly greater than that separating the nostril from the mouth cleft, 1:1-1.4. Length of scales above nasal tube on ocular side much less than the length of the tube. Gill rakers like short knobs on first gill arch on ocular side. Pectoral fin on the ocular side with a black botch over the whole middle and distal part of the fin; blind side whitish (Ref. 32649).
Biology:  Flatfish with oval and asymmetric body (eyes on the right side). Interradial membrane on the pectoral fin on the eye side is of black colour(A). This feature distinguishes it from common sole (Solea soled), which has a big black compact spot on the posterior side of this fin. In the Atlantic, from the Gulf of Biscay to the coasts of Senegal. Less frequent in the Western Meditarranean. A predominantly littoral species. Benthonic marine species living in sandy or muddy bottoms, off coastal areas up to 100 m depth and in brackish lakes.Feeds basically on benthonic invertebrate, such as larvae from polychaets and bivalve molluscs. Also on small crustaceans.Sexual maturity is reached when size is 30 cm. Spawning happens beween the months of March until June. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 127989.
IUCN Red List Status: Data deficient (DD); Date assessed: 15 July 2014 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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