Torpedo panthera

Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831
Panther electric ray

photo by Field, R.

Family:	Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Max. size:	100 cm TL (male/unsexed)
Environment:	demersal; marine; depth range 1 - 350 m
Distribution:	Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964) and Red Sea. Reports from other parts of the western Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal) probably refer to a different species.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 0-0; Vertebrae: 98-102. Disc-width shorter than its length, width and length about 1,60 to 1,80 times in total length; dorsal fins more or less rounded, its base 1,25 times in its length (Ref. 39215).
Biology:	Found on coral reefs; as well as mud or sandy bottoms, from shallow water to a depth of 100 m (Ref. 30573, Ref. 114953). Mainly feeds on invertebrates and small reef fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males reaches maturity at 28 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
IUCN Red List Status:	Endangered (EN); Date assessed: 06 January 2022 (A2d) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:	other

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