| Species | Name Used in Reference |
|---|---|
| Peristedion altipinne Regan, 1903 | Peristedion altipinne (p. ) |
| Peristedion antillarum Teague, 1961 | Peristedion antillarum (p. 1281) |
| Peristedion brevirostre (Günther, 1860) | Peristedion brevirostre (p. 1281) |
| Peristedion ecuadorense Teague, 1961 | Peristedion ecuadorense (p. ) |
| Peristedion gracile Goode & Bean, 1896 | Peristedion gracile (p. ) |
| Peristedion greyae Miller, 1967 | Peristedion greyae (p. ) |
| Peristedion imberbe Poey, 1861 | Peristedion imberbe (p. ) |
| Peristedion longispatha Goode & Bean, 1886 | Peristedion longispatha (p. ) |
| Peristedion miniatum Goode, 1880 | Peristedion miniatum (p. ) |
| Peristedion thompsoni Fowler, 1952 | Peristedion thompsoni (p. ) |
| Peristedion truncatum (Günther, 1880) | Peristedion truncatum (p. 1284) |
| Peristedion unicuspis Miller, 1967 | Peristedion unicuspis (p. ) |