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Larvae Information Summary for
Xiphias gladius
| Main Ref: | Bertolini, F., U. D'Ancona, E. Padoa Montalenti, S. Ranzi, L. Sanzo, A. Sparta, E. Tortonese and M. Vialli 1956 | |||
Yolk-sac larvae
| max | min | mod | Ref. | |
| Length at birth (mm) | 4.2 | |||
| Preanal L. % TL | 61.3 |
| Place of development | planktonic | |||
| Larval area | Northeastern Atlantic (Italy); Northwestern Pacific (Japan) | |||
| Yolk-sac | elongated pigmented | Ref: | ||
| Yolk | Oil globules | one oil globuleposteriorventralpigmented | ||
| Rows on tail | no rows | |||
| Other melanophores on tail | tail partly covered with melanophores | |||
| Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head + trunk | |||
| Primordial fin with many chromatophores. Melanophores on the trunk in correspondence with the myoseptes. 24 segments. | ||||
Post larvae
| Striking feature | teeth clearly visible | |||
| Striking shape lateral | normal (not striking) | dorsal | normal (not striking) | |
| Striking feature | teeth clearly visible | |||
| Shape of gut | elongated | |||
| Gas bladder early | late | |||
| Spinal armature early | several different spines | late | several different spines | |
| Pigmentation early | ||||
| Rows on tail | no rows | |||
| Other melanophores on tail | tail partly covered with melanophores | |||
| Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head + trunk | |||
| Pigmentation late | ||||
| Rows on tail | no rows | |||
| Other melanophores on tail | tail completely covered with melanophores | |||
| Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head + trunk | |||
| Urostyle region early | pigmented | late | pigmented | |
| Peritoneum | covered with melanophores | |||
| Pectorals | normal | |||
| Pelvics | normal (i.e. small or absent) | |||
| Jaws very elongated. Supraorbital and preopercular spines. One spine also present near the otocystic region. | ||||
Meristic characters
| max | min | mod | Ref. | |
| Total number of myomeres | 27 | 65 |
| L 1st feeding | Ref. |
Months of presence of larvae
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| max | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | ||
| min | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | ||
| mod | 5 | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
| Water parameters Metric characters |
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