分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
鯛科 (Porgies)
Etymology: Boops: Greek, bous = caw + Greek, ops = appearance, 1854 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 350 m (Ref. 26999), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 63°N - 16°S, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 54286)
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Angola, including the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, and the Sao Tome-Principe Islands. Common from Bay of Biscay to Gibraltar (Ref. 4781). Also found in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
東大西洋: 挪威到安哥拉, 包括加納利群島，維德角, 與聖多美-普林西比島的島。 普遍的從比斯開灣到直布羅陀.(參考文獻 4781) 也發現於地中海與黑海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 13.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 115876); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 455.00 g (Ref. 115876); 最大年齡: 11 年 (Ref. 58974)
背棘 (總數): 13 - 15; 背的軟條 (總數): 12-16; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 16. Body slender, with 3 - 5 weak, golden longitudinal stripes and a black spot at the pectoral fin base (Ref. 35388).
身體細長的, 有三個 - 在胸鰭基底的 5條弱的, 金的縱向斑紋與一個黑色的斑點.(參考文獻 35388)
Found on the shelf or coastal pelagic on various bottoms (sand, mud, rocks and seaweeds). Gregarious, ascending to the surface mainly at night. Omnivorous, feeding mainly on crustaceans, also planktophagous. Hermaphroditic, generally protogynous. Also caught in pelagic trawls (Ref. 9987). Utilized fresh and frozen; consumed pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987).
在各種不同的底部 (沙子，泥，岩石與海草) 上棲息於大陸棚或海岸的大洋性了。 群居的, 對表面主要地上溯在晚上。 雜食性,主要捕食甲殼動物, 也 planktophagous。 雌雄同體的, 通常雌性先熟的。 也捕獲大洋性的拖網。 (參考文獻 9987) 生鮮使用與冷凍; 消費油鍋炸的, 火烤的與燒烤。 (參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, Ref. 34225 describe this species as being a gonochorist (Ref. 28504). Also Ref. 32206, 103751.東大西洋: 挪威到安哥拉, 包括加納利群島，維德角, 與聖多美-普林西比島的島。 普遍的從比斯開灣到直布羅陀.(參考文獻 4781) 也發現於地中海與黑海。
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.7 - 27.7, mean 17.8 °C (based on 912 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00911 - 0.01097), b=3.01 (2.98 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.1 - 6.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16-0.4; tm=1-2; Fec=395,000).
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.89, Based on 13 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (6 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 76 [25, 186] mg/100g; Iron = 4.98 [1.39, 12.01] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.382 [0.240, 0.638] g/100g; Selenium = 31.9 [14.2, 70.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.7 [5.2, 70.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.26 [0.90, 6.11] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
