Belone belone, Garfish : fisheries, gamefish

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Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)

Garfish
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Belone belone   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Belone belone (Garfish)
Belone belone
Picture by Østergaard, T.

Common names from other countries

Orphie, Aguja, Сарган обыкновенный, ... more

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Beloniformes (Needle fishes) > Belonidae (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Belone: Greek, belone = needle; any fish with sharp pointed snout; also Pierre Belon, 1517-64, French zoologist born in Le Mans. Professor at the College de France, author of " La nature et diversité des poissons", 1551 (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Pierre Belon (du Mans) (1517–1564) (pen name Petrus Bellonius Cenomanus) was a French diplomat, writer, traveller and naturalist who was deeply interested in antiquity and extolled the virtues of the Renaissance. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
According to authors cited by Evenhuis (1997: Ref. 115711: 480-482), the date of publication of the species should be 1760.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / rango de profundidad / distribution range Ecología

marino; salobre pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 2 - 22 m (Ref. 130220). Temperate; 65°N - 14°N, 32°W - 42°E

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Mapa de puntos | Introducciones | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Three subspecies were recognized by Collette and Parin (1970, Ref. 34977) Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (Northeast Atlantic); Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866 (Black Sea and Sea of Azov); Belone belone acus Risso, 1827 (Mediterranean Sea and adjacent parts of Atlantic Ocean, Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores, and south to Cape Verde (Ref. 50279); subspecies Belone belone gracilis Lowe, 1839 (France to the Canary Islands including the Mediterranean) in Collette & Parin, 1990 (Ref. 5757).

Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age

Madurez: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 104 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 123983); common length : 45.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3397); peso máximo publicado: 1.4 kg (Ref. 113079)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 16 - 20; Radios blandos anales: 19 - 23. Jaw teeth comparatively large and widely spaced. Vertebrae 75-84. Vomerine teeth present at lengths greater than 20 cam. Lower jaw a little longer than upper jaw. Juveniles with greatly elongated jaw, without black posterior dorsal fin lobe.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Lives close to the surface and has a migratory pattern similar to the mackerel (Ref. 35388). Feeds on small fishes, particularly clupeids and Engraulis (in the Black Sea). Leaps out of the water when hooked. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 130219.

Life cycle and mating behavior Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva

Oviparous (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador : Collette, Bruce B. | Colaboradores

Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin, 1986. Belonidae. p. 604-609. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. (Ref. 5505)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 July 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Pesquerías: comercial; pesca deportiva: si
FAO - pesquerías: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Más información

Ecología Trófica
Food items (preys)
Composición de la dieta
consumo de alimento
Food rations
Despredadores
Ecología
Ecología
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Population dynamics
Coeficiente del crecimiento para
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamiento
Abundancia
Life cycle
Reproducción
Madurez
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
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Tipo de natación
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Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
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Genética
Genome
Genética
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heritabilidad
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Perfiles de acuicultura
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Nombres comunes
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Referencias

Herramientas

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Guía de campo | Claves de identificación | Asistente para frecuencias de tallas | Herramienta de ciclo de vida | Mapa de puntos | Catch-MSY |

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Datos específicos | Nombres comunes | Photos

Fuentes de Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Especie | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - pesquerías: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de datos nacionales | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Acuarios públicos | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Árbol de la vida | Wikipedia: Go, búsqueda | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Expediente Zoológico

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Referencia 123201): 8.8 - 20, mean 11.3 °C (based on 548 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Referencia 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00100 (0.00082 - 0.00122), b=3.10 (3.04 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia 69278):  4.2   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia 120179):  Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (tm=2; Fec=1000).
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 6 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (58 of 100). 🛈
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 50.7 [17.3, 178.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.407 [0.148, 0.981] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.7, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.702 [0.293, 1.650] g/100g; Selenium = 9.33 [3.62, 22.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.6 [5.4, 78.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.482 [0.202, 0.927] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.