Lithognathus mormyrus, Sand steenbras : fisheries, gamefish

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Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sand steenbras
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Lithognathus mormyrus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Lithognathus mormyrus (Sand steenbras)
Lithognathus mormyrus
foto/gambar oleh Patzner, R.

Cyprus country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bauchot, M.-L., 1987
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Marbré, Herrera, Pageau gris, ... more

klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range Ekologi

laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 150 m (Ref. 3688), usually 10 - 20 m (Ref. 37413). Subtropical; 48°N - 35°S, 25°W - 36°E

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | peta titik | Introduksi | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Strait of Gibraltar, Mediterranean, and Black Sea (Ref. 4781, 112870), Madeira Is (Ref. 74541), Canary Is. and Cape Verde Islands (Ref. 3688), southward to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique (Ref. 3688); Red Sea (Ref. 84159). Not found in tropical east Africa (Ref. 3198),

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur

Kematangan: Lm 17.4, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3688); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 12 Tahun (Ref. 13716)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 12 - 13; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 10 - 11.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

Found on the shelf, over sandy and muddy bottoms as well as seagrass-beds and estuaries. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Feeds on worms, mollusks and small crustaceans. Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 3688). Flesh excellent (Ref. 3198); sold fresh and dried.

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

A monandric species (Ref. 55367). In the northern Adriatic, overall male to female ratio was 1:1.62. Sex inversion occurred mainly between 24.1 and 35.2 cm TL and 3.5 years of age (Ref. 55367). Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, including possible gonochorism (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 28504.

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 August 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

  Harmless





penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
FAO - Perikanan: landings; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Komposisi makanan
Konsumsi makanan
Food rations
Pemangsa
Ekologi
Ekologi
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversion
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Pemijahan
Spawning aggregations
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Penyebaran
Negara-negara
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ecosystems
Kemunculan
Introduksi
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Area insang
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetika
genom
Genetika
Heterozygosity
Diturunkan
Human related
Aquaculture systems
profil budidaya air
Strain
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
mitra
Taxonomy
Nama-nama umum
Sinonim (persamaan)
Morfologi
Morfometrik
Gambar
Acuan
Acuan

Alat, peralatan

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Penuntun lapangan | tanda freqkuenci panjang | peringkat sejarah hidup | peta titik | Catch-MSY |

laporan khas

semak penyelenggaraan akuarium | semak helaian fakta spesis | semak helaian fakta aqulcalture

muat turun XML

ringkasan halaman | Point data | Nama-nama umum | fotos/gambar

Sumber internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Perikanan: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Pangkalan data nasional | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Akuarium publik | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Acuan 123201): 17.1 - 27.5, mean 24.4 °C (based on 224 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01075 - 0.01344), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Acuan 69278):  3.5   ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.8 (4.0 - 5.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179):  sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.24; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.81, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). 🛈
kategori harga (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 72.3 [42.6, 133.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.06 [0.62, 1.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.289, 0.641] g/100g; Selenium = 28.2 [14.1, 49.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.68 [3.47, 23.67] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.831 [0.601, 1.145] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.