Coregonus lavaretus, European whitefish : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

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Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)

European whitefish
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Image of Coregonus lavaretus (European whitefish)
Coregonus lavaretus
Picture by Østergaard, T.


Germany country information

Common names: Blaufelchen, Felchen, Gangfisch
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.ble.de/index.cfm?8C712107D9244972B3C193AC1917DCE7#Handelsbezeichnungen
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Welcomme, R.L., 1988
National Database: AGRDEU

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range Οικολογία

; Γλυκού νερού; Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20 - ?; ανάδρομο (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 4°C - 16°C (Ref. 2059); 78°N - 41°N, 6°W - 85°E

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Σημειακός χάρτης | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Europe: Native to Lake Bourget (France) and Geneva (Switzerland, France). Population of Lake Aiguebelette (France) apparently introduced, but a 'lavaret' had already been recorded from there in the 17th century (Ref. 59043). Other authors assume it to be a superspecies occurring in Great Britain and Alpine areas of Central Europe. Has been stocked into many other places in Europe outside its native range. There are many parallel and wrong scientific names for this species in use because of the problems in classifying the genus Coregonus (Ref. 7495). Asia: introduced to Iran (Ref. 39702).

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 27.1, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 40637); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 10.0 kg (Ref. 35388)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 3 - 5; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 9 - 12; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3 - 5; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 10 - 13. Mouth small with protruding upper jaw. Silvery body (Ref. 35388). Caudal fin with 19 soft rays (Ref. 40476).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Gregarious lacustrine forms (Ref. 2163) and anadromous estuarine forms, rarely in full saltwater. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans, or larger benthic crustaceans in brackish water. Movement in water column as a function of zooplankton repartition (Ref. 2163). Spawns in gravel, near shore, in shallow water, in December (Ref. 59043). Likely to benefit from environmental regulations in France passed on 8/12/88 (Ref. 2163).

Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες

Spawning takes place at night.

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Vulnerable (VU) (D2); Date assessed: 07 November 2023

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
FAO - Aquaculture systems: Παραγωγή; αλιεία: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Τροφική Οικολογία
Food items (preys)
Σύσταση δίαιτας
Κατανάλωση τροφής
Food rations
Θηρευτές
Οικολογία
Οικολογία
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Παράμετροι Αύξησης
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Στρατολόγηση
Αφθονία
Anatomy
Επιφάνεια βραγχίων
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Κολυμβητικός τύπος
Ταχύτητα κολύμβησης
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Γενετική
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Γενετική
Heterozygosity
Κληρονομικότητα
Human related
Aquaculture systems
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Stamps, coins, misc.
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Αναφ. 123201): 5.8 - 12.5, mean 9.5 °C (based on 528 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00377 - 0.00529), b=3.20 (3.16 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ. 69278):  3.1   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ. 120179):  Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.3-0.7; tmax=8; Fecundity=3,800 - 169,800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100). 🛈
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 20.4 [11.3, 32.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.335 [0.226, 0.476] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.4, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 1.06 [0.46, 2.79] g/100g; Selenium = 17.1 [8.9, 38.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.28 [2.85, 14.43] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.552 [0.447, 0.674] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.