Sphyraena barracuda, Great barracuda : fisheries, gamefish, aquarium

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Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771)

Great barracuda
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Sphyraena barracuda   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Sphyraena barracuda (Great barracuda)
Sphyraena barracuda
Photo von Patzner, R.

Indonesia country information

Common names: Alu, Alu-alu, Alu-alu
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: From Bali Strait to Timor Sea (Ref. 5978, 47567) and Mentawai Islands (Ref. 27157). Also recorded from Raja Ampat Islands, Manado and vicinity, Togean and Banggai Islands and Pulau Weh; with an Indonesian distribution from Papua to Sumatra (Ref. 47567). Museum: LPPL JIF209 (TGT2182). Also Ref. 7050, 8631, 48637.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Aglen, A., L. Føyn, O.R. Godø, S. Myklevoll and O.J. Østvedt, 1981
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Barracuda, Picuda barracuda, Great barra cuda, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) > Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / Tiefenbereich / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 100 m (Ref. 6949), usually 3 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 42°N - 35°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55300)

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas and Tuamoto islands. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Brazil (Ref. 9626). Eastern Atlantic: Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Nigeria, Senegal (Ref. 6949), Mauritania (Ref. 5377), St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), and São Tomé Island (Ref. 34088).

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm 66.0, range 58 - 98.5 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 7251); common length : 140 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3692); max. veröff. Gewicht: 50.0 kg (Ref. 6949); max. veröff. Alter: 18 Jahre (Ref. 128046)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 6; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 9; Afterflossenstacheln: 2; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: a large body, large eyes; body depth 6.0-8.2 in SL; teeth erect and contiguous; no gill rakers on first gill arch, instead upper and lower gill arch with rough platelets which lack distinct spines; origin of first dorsal fin at level of the rear base of the pelvic fins; caudal fin emarginate with a pair of large lobes at posterior margin, except young less than 50 cm TL which have a forked caudal fin. Colour of body silvery; many oblique dark bars on upper half of body that do not across lateral line; caudal fin black with white tips; juveniles with a series of large dark blotches irregularly arranged on sides of body (Ref. 9768, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Found predominantly at or near the surface (Ref. 6949, 48637). Juvenile occurs among mangroves, estuaries and shallow sheltered inner reef areas; adult occurs in a wide range of habitats from murky inner harbors to open seas. Diurnal and solitary, but can also be found in small aggregations. Feeds on fishes, cephalopods and sometimes on shrimps (Ref. 9626, 48637). Sold fresh. Utilized also dried or salted (Ref. 9987). Although this species is ciguatoxic elsewhere throughout its range, it has not been reported to be poisonous in the eastern Atlantic (Ref. 6949, 48637). Rarely attacks humans, usually with one quick, fierce strike, which, although serious, is rarely fatal. The world's record on hook and line is a 5.5-ft. fish taken in the Bahamas that weighed 103 lbs. (Ref. 13442). Caught by handline, set nets, and other fishing gear (Ref. 9768). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Daget, J., 1986. Sphyraenidae. p. 350-351. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4339)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 January 2013

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien
FAO - Fischereien: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.7 - 28.9, mean 27.2 °C (based on 2020 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00708 - 0.01024), b=2.93 (2.89 - 2.97), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.09-0.11; tm=2-4).
Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (79 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 5.57 [2.60, 15.19] mg/100g; Iron = 0.229 [0.101, 0.480] mg/100g; Protein = 21.2 [19.3, 22.9] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.054, 0.274] g/100g; Selenium = 21.4 [8.5, 52.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.1 [4.1, 117.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.298 [0.187, 0.511] mg/100g (wet weight);