Sphyrna lewini, Scalloped hammerhead : fisheries, gamefish

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Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834)

Scalloped hammerhead
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Sphyrna lewini   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Guinea-Bissau country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in Rio Buba (Ref. 28587). Of commercial value (Ref. 26999).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Requin-marteau halicorne, Cornuda común, Bronze hammerhead shark, ... more

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Sphyrna: Probable misspelling of sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads (See ETYFish); lewini: Patronym not identified, perhaps in honor of John Lewin (1770-1819), who illustrated early volumes of Australian natural history (this shark was described from Australia) and may be the “Mr. Lewin” who illustrated the plates in Griffith and Smith’s book (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: John William Lewin (1770–1819) was an English naturalist and engraver. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / profondeur / distribution range Écologie

marin; saumâtre pelagic-oceanic; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 1043 m (Ref. 89972), usually 0 - 25 m (Ref. 26999). Tropical; 46°N - 39°S, 180°W - 180°E

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Carte par point | Introductions | Faunafri

Circumglobal in coastal warm temperate and tropical seas (Ref. 13562). Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Uruguay (Ref. 58839), including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean. Eastern Atlantic: western Mediterranean (Ref. 6678) to Namibia (Ref. 6812). Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea, East Africa and throughout the Indian Ocean; Japan to New Caledonia, Hawaii and Tahiti. Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Ecuador, probably Peru.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturité: Lm 210.5, range 140 - 273 cm
Max length : 430 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 26938); common length : 360 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 13562); poids max. publié: 152.4 kg (Ref. 40637); âge max. reporté: 35 années (Ref. 31395)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Épines anales: 0. This hammerhead shark is distinguished by having the following characters: large, moderately slender body; broad, narrow bladed head, arched anterior margin with prominent median indentation and lateral indentation; nostrils with strong prenarial grooves; hind margins of eyes slightly posterior to or nearly opposite front of mouth; teeth triangular, deeply notched posteriorly, with smooth or finely serrated edges; first dorsal fin moderately high, second dorsal and pectoral fins low; upper precaudal pit transverse crescentric. Colour of body light grey or greyish brown above, shading to white below, pectoral fin tips dusky and a dark blotch on lower caudal fin lobe (Ref. 13562, 114967).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

A coastal-pelagic, semi-oceanic shark occurring over continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water, often approaching close inshore and entering enclosed bays and estuaries (Ref. 244, 11230, 58302). Found in inshore and offshore waters to about 275 m depth (Ref. 26938, 11230, 58302); has been filmed at a baited camera in 512 m depth (Lis Maclaren, pers. comm. 2005). Huge schools of small migrating individuals move pole ward in the summer in certain areas (Ref. 244). Permanent resident populations also exist (Ref. 244). Juveniles occur in coastal areas (Ref. 58784). Adults solitary, in pairs, or schools; young in large schools (Ref. 13562). Feed mainly on teleost fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 6871), also lobsters, shrimps, crabs (Ref. 30573), including other sharks and rays (Ref. 37816). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Mature females produce 15-31, of 43-55 cm young in a litter (Ref. 26938, 1602). Considered potentially dangerous to people but often not aggressive when approached by divers (Ref. 13562). Readily available to inshore artisanal and small commercial fisheries as well as to offshore operations (Ref. 13562). Sold fresh, dried-salted, smoked and frozen; also sought for its fins and hides (Ref. 9987). Oil used for vitamins and carcasses for fishmeal (Ref. 13562). Maximum depth from Ref. 125614.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449), with 13-23 in a litter (Ref. 6871); 12-41 pups after a gestation period of 9-10 months (Ref.58048). Size at birth 45-50 cm TL (Ref. 13562); 39-57 cm TL (Ref.58048).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Collaborateurs

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Niveau de menace critique (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 08 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Menace pour l'homme

Other (Ref. 13562)





Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Sources Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | GoMexSI (interaction data) | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de données nationales | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Réf. 123201): 18.7 - 29, mean 27.2 °C (based on 2890 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Réf. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5006   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00278 - 0.00454), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278):  4.1   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 13.7 (11.0 - 15.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 15 growth studies.
Résilience (Réf. 120179):  Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (rm=0.028; K=0.05-0.24; tm=3-15; tmax=41.6; Fec=13-23).
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.09, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (78 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (62 of 100). 🛈
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 11.1 [2.3, 63.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.63 [0.15, 2.02] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.6, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.129 [0.051, 0.334] g/100g; Selenium = 84.6 [24.3, 265.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.24 [3.00, 30.53] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.642 [0.304, 1.209] mg/100g (wet weight);