Common names from other countries
Lớp phụ Cá sụn (cá mập và cá đuối) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Eponymy: Edward Gerrard (1810–1910) worked as an attendant in Gray’s department at the British Museum (1841–1896). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Gray.
Issue
Distribution to check.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Thuộc về nước lợ gần đáy; Mức độ sâu ? - 50 m (Ref. 5578). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: Oman to Indonesia; north to Taiwan.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ?, range 64 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 9840)
Likely confined to the inner continental shelf (Ref. 9840), over sandy and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Recorded from coastal waters and river mouths (Ref. 45255). Feeds on bottom crustaceans including shrimp, crabs and small lobsters (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Important food fish, the skin and flesh are dried or used to produce leather for purses and bags (Ref. 9840). Caught in very large quantities in the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and trammel net fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref. 58048). It is parasitised on the dorsal skin surface by the monogeneans Dendromonocotyle citrosa, D. colorni, D. ukuthena (Ref. 124058) and D. lotteri (Ref. 124051).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Bears 2 young in summer (Ref. 5578). Gives birth to litters of 1-4 pups; born at 18-21 cm WD (Ref.58048).
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; cá để chơi: đúng; Bể nuôi cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Tài liệu tham khảo
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 1116 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Tài liệu tham khảo
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.01154 - 0.03004), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo
69278): 3.7 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo
120179): Rất thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là hơn 14 năm (Fec=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.9 [1.9, 252.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.63 [0.06, 7.40] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [18.3, 23.5] %; Omega3 = 0.122 [0.038, 0.345] g/100g; Selenium = 50.3 [10.3, 257.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.98 [0.44, 49.87] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.725 [0.044, 8.176] mg/100g (wet weight);
