Ethmalosa fimbriata, Bonga shad : fisheries, aquaculture

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Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich, 1825)

Bonga shad
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Ethmalosa fimbriata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bonga shad)
Ethmalosa fimbriata
Picture by Durand, J.-D.

Senegal country information

Common names: Awatt, Chalo, Cobo
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Type locality of the neotype of Ethmalosa fimbriata: 'St. Louis, Senegal' (Ref. 102833); type locality of Meletta senegalensis: 'Sénégal' (Ref. 104876). Known from coast of Atlantic Ocean (Ref. 3068, 43836, 43850), Senegal River (Ref. 5356, 41488, 42792, 43853, 101136, 102833, 118136, 118206), Sine-Saloum estuary (Ref. 5476, 28587, 42792, 45752, 118136, 118206) and Casamance River (Ref. 5476, 27162, 33587, 42792, 118136, 118206). Also Ref. 187, 3054.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.refer.sn/sngal_ct/eco/oeps/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Albaret, J.-J., 1987
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Ethmalose d'Afrique, Sábalo africano, Бонга, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Ethmalosa: Greek, ethmos, -ou = sieve, also the ethmoides bone + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range Ekologi

marina; sötvatten; brackvatten pelagic-neritic; katadrom (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 50 m (Ref. 54436), usually 0 - 50 m (Ref. 54436). Tropical; 25°N - 8°S, 17°W - 14°E (Ref. 54436)

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Atlantic Ocean: Eastern central Atlantic Ocean, from Dakhla in Western Sahara southward to Lobito Bay in Angola (Ref. 188, 5286, 81269, 81631), occasionally entering freshwater (Ref. 3509). Reports from Cape Verde Islands are based on an erroneous type locality for Clupea fimbriata by Bowdich (1825), which was later rectified as probably Gambia (Ref. 188, 5286, 94080).

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Könsmognad: Lm 17.0  range ? - 18.5 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 1989); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 187); publicerad maxvikt: 1.0 kg (Ref. 1989)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 16 - 19; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 19 - 25; Ryggkotor: 40 - 44. Diagnosis: Body fairly deep, compressed, scutes present along belly; upper jaw with distinct notch, into which tip of lower jaw fits; lower gillrakers long, fine and numerous, about 3 times as long as gill filaments, upper gillrakers bent sharply upward, V-shaped; pelvic fin rays with 1 unbranched and 7 branched rays; caudal fin tips long and pointed (Ref. 188). A faint dark spot behind gill cover, sometimes followed by others; dorsal fin tip black; caudal fin deep chrome yellow; golden tints on body (Ref. 188, 81269). Ethmalosa fimbriata resembles Sardinella aurita, Sardinella rouxi and especially Sardinella maderensis, but these are more slender, have a rounded upper jaw which is not notched and the upper gillrakers are not bent upward like an elbow (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Ethmalosa fimbriata is found in fairly shallow coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries, and sometimes also in lower courses of coastal rivers, even more than 300 km up rivers (Ref. 187, 188, 81269, 81631). It feeds principally on phytoplankton, chiefly diatoms, filtered by the very fine gillraker sieve (Ref. 187, 188, 3166). It breeds throughout the year in waters of salinities 3.5-38 ppt, but with peaks in at least some areas; spawns in the sea, in estuaries and in rivers (Ref. 188). The largest fisheries are in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroon, mainly in the dry season (Ref. 188).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Breeds all year in waters of salinities 3.5 to 38 ppt, but with peaks in at least some areas, becoming progressively later to south. Spawns in the sea, in estuaries and in rivers.

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 April 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig; Vattenbruk: experimentell
FAO - fiskeri: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Food rations
Predatorer
Ekologi
Ekologi
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Rekrytering
Abundans
Life cycle
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Lek
Spawning aggregations
Ägg
Egg development
Larver
Larvdynamik
Utbredning
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FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
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Anatomy
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Syreförbrukning
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Simhastighet
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Genetik
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Ärftlighet
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Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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Taxonomy
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
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referenser
referenser

Verktyg

E-book | Fälthandbok | Bestämningsnycklar | Längdfördelnings-verktyg | Livshistorie-verktyg | Prickkarta | Catch-MSY |

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Populärnamn | Photos

Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - fiskeri: landings, species profile; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.2 - 27.9, mean 26.4 °C (based on 180 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00780 - 0.01018), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  2.5   ±0.25 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=0.25-0.36; tm=1; Fec=16,000).
Prior r = 0.23, 95% CL = 0.15 - 0.34, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (21 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 181 [96, 321] mg/100g; Iron = 1.91 [1.04, 3.19] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.374 [0.211, 0.670] g/100g; Selenium = 65.7 [32.1, 137.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.42 [3.24, 21.22] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.75 [1.23, 2.59] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.