Merlangius merlangus, Whiting : fisheries, gamefish, aquarium

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Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Whiting
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Merlangius merlangus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Merlangius merlangus
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Türkiye territory information

Common names: Bakalyaro, Bakalyaro balığı, Mezgit
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Catches in the Black Sea are usually used for feeding more valuable farmed species (Ref. 9988). Found in central coast of Black Sea (Sinop and Samsun vicinity) (Ref. 88083). Collected from the SW Black Sea shelf. A target demersal species where its annual catch has been reduced since 1988 (Ref. 115544). Also Ref. 1371. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 58342).
National Checklist:
Territory Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bilecenoğlu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya, 2002
National Database: CLOMFOT

Common names from other countries

Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Merlangius: French, merlan = a fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien; brak water benthopelagisch; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 10 - 200 m (Ref. 1371), usually 30 - 100 m (Ref. 1371). Temperate; 72°N - 35°N, 27°W - 42°E

Verspreiding Gebieden | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Verspreidingskaart | Introducties | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: southeastern Barents Sea and Iceland to Portugal, also in the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Adriatic Sea and adjacent areas. Rare in the northwestern Mediterranean.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm 28.2, range 28 - 30 cm
Max length : 91.5 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 106276); common length : 23.5 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 1371); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 3.1 kg (Ref. 40637); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 20 Jaren (Ref. 35388)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 30 - 40; Anale zachte stralen: 30 - 35. Body elongate; head small. Chin barbel small or absent. Lateral-line canals on head with pores. Color is variable; yellowish-brown, dark blue or green, sides yellowish grey, white and silvery on belly; often with a small dark blotch at the upper base of the pectoral fin.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

More commonly found from 30 to 100 m, mainly on mud and gravel bottoms, but also on sand and rock. Feed on shrimps, crabs, mollusks, small fish, polychaetes and cephalopods. Migrate to the open sea only after the first year of life. Eggs are pelagic. Larvae and juveniles are associated with jellyfish. Upon maturity, small chin barbel characteristic of juveniles disappear (Ref. 53061). Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 October 2013

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van groot commercieel belang; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
FAO - visserij: aanvoer, soortsprofiel; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Meer informatie

Levenscyclus
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Rijpheid/kieuwen rel.
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Paaibestanden
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Verspreiding
Gebieden
FAO regio's
Ecosystemen
Voorkomen
Introducties
BRUVS - Video's
Anatomie
Kieuwoppervlak
Hersenen
Otoliet
Fysiologie
Lichaamssamenstelling
Voedingsstoffen
Zuurstofverbruik
Type zwemmen
Zwemsnelheid
Visuele pigmenten
Vis geluid
Ziekten en parasieten
Toxiciteit (LC50)
Genetica
genoom
Genetica
Heterozygositeit
Erfelijkheid
Menselijk gerelateerd
Aquacultuursystemen
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera gevallen
Postzegels, munten, diversen.
Outreach
Medewerkers
Referenties
Referenties

Tools

Speciale rapporten

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Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - visserij: aanvoer, soortsprofiel; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationale databanken | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Publieke aquaria | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Schattingen op basis van modellen

Gewenste temperatuur (Ref. 123201): 7 - 11.9, mean 9.2 °C (based on 409 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00561 - 0.00709), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.3 (4.4 - 6.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (rm=1.1-1.6(?); K=0.07-0.74; tm=1-4; tmax=20; Fec>100,000).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 20 full stock assessments.
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100). 🛈
Kwetsbaarheid voor het klimaat (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 18 [9, 36] mg/100g; Iron = 0.2 [0.1, 0.6] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 1 [0, 2] g/100g; Selenium = 17.8 [8.2, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.0, 48.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.242 [0.129, 0.709] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.