United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Skipjack, Waccamaw silverside
Occurrence: endemic
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Davis, J.R. and D.E. Louder, 1969
Importance: commercial | Ref: Davis, J.R. and D.E. Louder, 1969
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Davis, J.R. and D.E. Louder, 1969
Regulations: protected | Ref: Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Common but protected as a threatened species due to extremely small range. Very fragile when handled, almost always went into immediate and fatal shock when collected (Ref. 35360). So far, efforts to culture have been unsuccessful (Ref. 35360). Status of threat: threatened; status same as 1989. Criteria: 1,5 (http://fisc.er.usgs.gov/afs/) (Ref. 81264).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991
National Database:

Common names from other countries

淡水美洲原银汉鱼, Skipjack, 淡水美洲原銀漢魚, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Atheriniformes (Silversides) > Atherinopsidae (Neotropical silversides) > Menidiinae
Etymology: Menidia: Greek, menoeides, -es, -es = like a half noon shape (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Hubbs & Raney.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; pelagic; pH range: 6.6 - 6.8. Temperate; 35°N - 34°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

North America: occurs only in the Lake Waccamaw in North Carolina, USA.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 3.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 8.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723); common length : 4.8 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. reported age: 3.00 years (Ref. 12193)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 17; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 16 - 22; Vertebrae: 41 - 45. Silvery-white with black melanophores surrounding each scale on the dorsal two-thirds of the body. The dorsal half of the body is almost translucent.

Usually occur in large schools near surface in open water, over dark sandy bottom (Ref. 35360). Well adapted to a life of heavy predation (Ref. 35360). Frequent skipping over the water surface is observed apparently in avoidance of predators (Ref. 35360).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Based on otolith data, these species spawn after their first winter and that only a small segment of the population lives through the second winter (Ref. 35360).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Vulnerable (VU) (D2); Date assessed: 01 March 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.41 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=1.04-1.36; tmax=3).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Menidia extensa Hubbs & Raney, 1946