Salmo trutta, Sea trout : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

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Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758

Sea trout
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Salmo trutta   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Brown trout, Brown trout
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Also Ref. 1739.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Truite de mer, Trucha marina, Кумжа, ... more

Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Salmo: Latin, salmo, Plinius = salmon (Ref. 45335); trutta: trutta is a Latin name for trout (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / distribution range Ecologie

marien; zoet water; brak water pelagic-neritic; anadroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - 28 m (Ref. 101587), usually 1 - 2 m (Ref. 101587). Temperate; 18°C - 24°C (Ref. 12741); 71°N - 34°N, 25°W - 57°E

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Verspreidingskaart | Introducties | Faunafri

Europe and Asia: Atlantic, North, White and Baltic Sea basins, from Spain to Chosha Bay (Russia). Found in Iceland and northernmost rivers of Great Britain and Scandinavia. In Rhône drainage, native only to Lake Geneva basin, which it entered after last glaciation. Native to upper Danube and Volga drainages. Introduced widely. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm 40.9, range 1 - 600 cm
Max length : 140 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 682); common length : 72.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3397); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 50.0 kg (Ref. 682); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 38 Jaren (Ref. 32682)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 3 - 4; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 10 - 15; Anale stekels: 3 - 4; Anale zachte stralen: 9 - 14; Wervels: 57 - 59. Fusiform body (Ref. 51442). Head little and pointed (Ref. 51442). Mouth large, extending mostly after the eye and has well developed teeth (Ref. 51442). Teeth on shaft of vomer numerous and strongly developed (Ref. 7251). Caudal fin with 18-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Caudal peduncle thick and rounded (Ref. 51442). Little scales (Ref. 51442). Body is grey-blue colored with numerous spots, also below the lateral line (Ref. 51442). Blackish colored on upper part of body, usually orange on sides, surrounded by pale halos. Adipose fin with red margin.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Found in streams, ponds, rivers and lakes (Ref. 5951). Individuals spend 1 to 5 years in fresh water and 6 months to 5 years in salt water (Ref. 51442). Juveniles mature in 3-4 years (Ref. 6885). Lacustrine populations undertake migration to tributaries and lake outlets to spawn, rarely spawning on stone, wave-washed lake shores. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift current, usually characterized by downward movement of water intro gravel (Ref. 59043). Spawning takes place normally more than one time (Ref. 51442). They prefer cold, well-oxygenated upland waters although their tolerance limits are lower than those of rainbow trout and favors large streams in the mountainous areas with adequate cover in the form of submerged rocks, undercut banks, and overhanging vegetation (Ref. 6465). Life history and spawning behavior is similar to the salmon Salmo salar (Ref. 51442). Each female produces about 10.000 eggs (Ref. 35388, Ref. 51442). Mainly diurnal (Ref. 682). Sea and lake trouts forage in pelagic and littoral habitats, while sea trouts mainly close to coast, not very far from estuary of natal river (Ref. 59043). Juveniles feed mainly on aquatic and terrestrial insects; adults on mollusks, crustaceans and small fish (Ref. 26523, Ref. 51442). Marketed fresh and smoked; eaten fried, broiled, boiled, cooked in microwave, and baked (Ref. 9988).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Female covers the eggs by restirring the sand and fine gravel (Ref. 9696). After hatching at 12 mm, larval brown trout remain in the gravel for 2-3 weeks until they are about 25 mm long, when they emerge to begin feeding in the water column. Brown trout are territorial and begin establishing territories as juveniles. Juvenile trout from lake populations move from their natal inlets to lakes during the first 2 years of life (Ref. 6390).

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Svetovidov, A.N., 1984. Salmonidae. p. 373-385. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 4779)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 June 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Potential pest





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquacultuur: commercieel; sportvis: ja
FAO - Aquaculture systems: productie; visserij: aanvoer; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 6.5 - 15.8, mean 10.1 °C (based on 918 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00773 - 0.00982), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.4   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (2.8 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (rm=0.9; K=0.09-0.8; tmax=8; Fec=1,000).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.68, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 33 [9, 88] mg/100g; Iron = 1.4 [0.5, 3.2] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.9, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.559 [0.234, 1.522] g/100g; Selenium = 19.1 [6.3, 57.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.34 [1.15, 31.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.544 [0.363, 0.826] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.