| Main Ref. | Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | elongated |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Snout round, without a barbel on its anterior tip; dorsum highly elevated at nape (Ref. 559). Branchial membranes united, free from isthmus (Ref. 559). Bony plate on body with a large sharp spine (Ref. 559). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | 30 - 40 |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 40 - 42 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 2 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal 0 - 0 |
| Ventral 0 - 0 | |
| Spines total | 5 - 7 |
| Soft-rays total | 6 - 8 |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes | more or less truncate |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 0 - 0 |
| Soft-rays total | 7 - 9 |
| Pectoral | Attributes very large , lobe-like |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 11 - 13 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position thoracic beneath origin of D1 | |
| Spines 1 | |
| Soft-rays 2 - 2 |