Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 20 - 80 m (Ref. 27363). Subtropical; 33°S - 44°S, 67°W - 51°W (Ref. 56859)
Southwest Atlantic: Santa Catarina, Brazil to Golfo de Sán Matías, Argentina.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.4 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 27363); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6077)
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 59 - 67; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 41 - 46. Pectoral fin with 12 soft rays on ocular side, 11 on blind side. Strong spine anterior to anal fin, prominent in young specimens. Lateral line with a distinct curve above pectoral fin and with several transverse accessory branches. Pale brownish, covered with many small white spots; some larger white spots at upper and lower edges of body (Ref. 27363).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer, 1979. INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.6 - 15, mean 13.2 °C (based on 55 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00640 - 0.04301), b=3.01 (2.78 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).