Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - 200 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 200 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 73°N - 46°N, 25°W - 25°E
Northeast Atlantic: off Iceland and from Murman coast to Bay of Biscay.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4703)
Rough scales on both sides. Dorsal fin origin above upper eye. Pelvic and anal fins not used (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Occurs on rocky bottoms between 10 and 180 m. Feeds on small fish and invertebrates (Ref. 4703). Spawns in April - July (Ref. 35388).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Nielsen, J.G., 1986. Scophthalmidae. p. 1287-1293. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4703)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.3 - 12.5, mean 10 °C (based on 1188 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6270 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00601 - 0.01824), b=3.00 (2.85 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.6;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63 [25, 118] mg/100g; Iron = 0.304 [0.117, 0.669] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.9, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.454 [0.192, 1.076] g/100g; Selenium = 12.3 [5.1, 30.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28 [5, 143] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.604 [0.363, 0.985] mg/100g (wet weight);