Teleostei (teleosts) >
Kurtiformes (Nurseryfishes, cardinalfishes.) >
Apogonidae (Cardinalfishes) > Apogoninae
Etymology: More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 28 m (Ref. 57178), usually 1 - 12 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 19°N - 22°S
Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines and Palau to Borneo, northwestern Australia and the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)
Benthic and nocturnal species (Ref. 75154) which occurs inshore (Ref. 7300, 75154). Found in small groups among debris or corals of sheltered reef flats and shallow lagoons (Ref. 1602); also among massing long-spined urchins (Ref. 48635).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Mouthbrooders (Ref. 240). Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.6 - 29.3, mean 28.8 °C (based on 1549 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00201 - 0.01253), b=3.26 (3.04 - 3.48), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 145 [77, 241] mg/100g; Iron = 0.883 [0.519, 1.458] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.5, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.103 [0.060, 0.182] g/100g; Selenium = 31.7 [15.1, 65.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 86.3 [29.4, 249.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.88 [1.23, 2.72] mg/100g (wet weight);