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Promethichthys - Species in
Gempylidae - - Classification -
- Gempylidae
- Scombriformes
- Teleostei
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Promethichthys prometheus (Cuvier, 1832)
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Promethichthys prometheus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Promethichthys prometheus
Female picture by Cambraia Duarte, P.M.N. (c)ImagDOP
Pictures | Google image
Female picture by Cambraia Duarte, P.M.N. (c)ImagDOP
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Eponymy: In Greek mythology, Prometheus stole fire from heaven to give to mankind: for which he was bound to a rock where an eagle was sent to feed upon his liver (which then grew back, to be devoured anew the next day). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Cuvier.
Eponymy: In Greek mythology, Prometheus stole fire from heaven to give to mankind: for which he was bound to a rock where an eagle was sent to feed upon his liver (which then grew back, to be devoured anew the next day). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 80 - 800 m (Ref. 2683), usually 300 - 400 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 50°N - 36°S, 180°W - 180°E
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Tropical and warm temperate waters of all oceans, but absent from eastern Pacific except at Sala y Gomez Ridge.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 47.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6181); common length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3403)
Max length : 100.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6181); common length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3403)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 18 - 20; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 20; Anal spines: 2 - 3; Anal soft rays: 15 - 17. Body moderately elongate. Mouth with fang-like teeth. Spinescent gill rakers on the first arch with 1 - 3 cusps and many small spines; the angular raker long and triple-rooted. Body entirely scaled at over 20 - 25 cm SL. Pyloric caeca 7 or 8. Color is grayish to copper brown; fins blackish at over 40 cm SL, yellowish with black tips in smaller specimens (the first dorsal fin with a black blotch on two anteriormost membranes); the buccal and branchial cavities are black. Pelvic fin reduced to one spine that becomes entirely absent in specimens more than 40 cm SL.
Found at continental slopes, around oceanic islands and submarine rises (Ref. 6181). Meso-benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Migrate to midwater at night (Ref. 6181). Feed on fish, cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 6181). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6766).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Probably spawns throughout the year in warmer seas.
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Parin, Nikolay V. | Collaborators
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2012
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries; gamefish: yes; bait: usually
FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Tools
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Special reports
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Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 8.6 - 16.5, mean 11.1 °C (based on 329 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00223 - 0.00591), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.17-0.18; tm=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 32.6 [15.0, 65.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.62 [0.29, 1.21] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.255 [0.146, 0.444] g/100g; Selenium = 60.5 [27.5, 122.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [3.6, 42.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.55 [0.38, 0.82] mg/100g (wet weight);