Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Characiformes (Characins) > Erythrinidae (Trahiras)
Etymology: Hoplerythrinus: Greek, hoplon = weapon + Greek, erythros = red (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Spix & Agassiz.

Issue
No recent work; see Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1889:105) for description and key of identification; Géry (1977: 103) for description in key.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; pelagic; pH range: 5.6 - 7.8; dH range: ? - 30. Subtropical; 23°C - 27°C (Ref. 1672)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Central and South America: São Francisco, Amazon, Paraná, Orinoco and Magdalena River basins, and coastal rivers in Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 16.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.5 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 121647); max. published weight: 520.00 g (Ref. 121647)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Opercular ocellus present.

Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabits swamps and creeks with little current (Ref. 12225), as well as in flooded savannas (Ref. 27188). Regularly goes to the surface of the water to breathe. Can survive long periods out of the water. This behavior of breathing air at the surface makes the fish vulnerable to predation by electric eels (Ref. 27188). Is a predaceous omnivore of open waters. Feeds on aquatic invertebrates and to lesser degree, on fish. Specimens measuring 16 cm were found to be mature (Ref. 12225).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Oyakawa, Osvaldo T. | Collaborators

Oyakawa, O.T., 2003. Erythrinidae (Trahiras). p. 238-240. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 37025)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 November 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution
Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
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Anatomy
Gill areas
Brains
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fish sounds
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetics
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
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References
References

Tools

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00640 - 0.01636), b=3.14 (3.00 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.49 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)