分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Diodontidae (Porcupinefishes (burrfishes))
二齒魨科 (Porcupinefishes (burrfishes))
Etymology: Diodon: Greek, di = two + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 50 m (Ref. 9680), usually 3 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 35°N - 31°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55213)
Circumtropical. Eastern Pacific: San Diego, California, USA to Chile, including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 37955). Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Massachusetts (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: 30°N to 23°S (Ref. 6951). Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea to Madagascar, Reunion and Mauritius (Ref. 33390). The reports in the Mediterranean Sea are doubtful (Ref. 50345).
Circumtropical。 東太平洋: 聖地牙哥，美國加州到智利, 包括加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 37955) 西大西洋: 百慕達群島，麻薩諸塞州 (美國) 與墨西哥灣北部到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 30個 ° N 到 23個 °S.(參考文獻 6951) 西印度洋: 紅海到馬達加斯加，留尼旺島與模里西斯.(參考文獻 33390)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26999); 最大體重: 2.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14 - 17; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 16. Body robust; teeth united in each jaw but without a central division; body covered with long, sharp spines, folded backwards when body not inflated; 16 to 20 spines between snout and dorsal fin; dorsal region of caudal peduncle spiny; back, flanks and fins light brown with numerous dark spots; belly spiny (Ref. 55763). Spines long. Body grayish tan, with small black spots, but no large dark blotches. Belly white, surrounded by dusky ring (Ref. 26938). About 20 spines in an approximate row between snout and dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
棘長的。 身體淺灰色的黃褐色的, 有小的黑色斑點, 但是沒有大的黑色斑塊。 腹部白色的, 被暗色的環包圍了.(參考文獻 26938) 在吻與背鰭之間的大約列中的大約 20根棘.(參考文獻 13442)
Occur in lagoon and seaward reefs to at least 50 m. Commonly seen in caves and holes in shallow reefs (Ref. 26938, 48637). Juveniles to about 20 cm are pelagic. Adults benthic (Ref. 30573). Solitary and nocturnal that feed on hard shelled invertebrates like sea urchins, gastropods, and hermit crabs (Ref. 9680). Generally common (Ref. 9710). Not normally used as food (Ref. 3717). Reached a life-span of 10 years and a length of 69 cm in the McGinty Aquarium (E. Dashiell, pers. comm 2004), suggesting a preliminary K=0.12.
出現於潟湖與臨海礁石到至少 50 公尺。 在淺水礁區中常見於洞穴和孔洞。 (參考文獻 26938) 稚魚到大約 20 公分是大洋性的。 成魚底棲性.(參考文獻 30573) 一種獨居性和夜行性的魚捕食具有硬殼的無脊椎動物如海膽，腹足動物與寄居蟹。 (參考文獻 9680) 普通地常見.(參考文獻 9710) 不常被使用了當作食物。 (參考文獻 3717) 在被意味著初步的 K=0.12 的 McGinty 水族館 (E. Dashiell, pers. comm 2004) 達到了一個 10 年的壽命與 69 公分的長度。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Circumtropical。 東太平洋: 聖地牙哥，美國加州到智利, 包括加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 37955) 西大西洋: 百慕達群島，麻薩諸塞州 (美國) 與墨西哥灣北部到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 30個 ° N 到 23個 °S.(參考文獻 6951) 西印度洋: 紅海到馬達加斯加，留尼旺島與模里西斯.(參考文獻 33390)
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 29, mean 27.4 °C (based on 1822 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.08710 (0.04269 - 0.17770), b=2.76 (2.58 - 2.94), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax>10; preliminary K=0.12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [6, 54] mg/100g; Iron = 0.538 [0.255, 1.321] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.2, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.078, 0.295] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [9.7, 53.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.8, 69.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.33, 0.84] mg/100g (wet weight);
