分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Albuliformes (Bonefishes)
北梭魚目 (Bonefishes) >
Albulidae (Bonefishes)
狐鰮科 (Bonefishes) > Albulinae
Etymology: Albula: Latin, albus = white (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 84 m (Ref. 13608), usually 1 - 15 m (Ref. 9268). 亞熱帶的; 26°N - 7°N, 97°W - 58°W (Ref. 118624)
Worldwide in warm seas. Hawaiian species have been verified by electrophoretic analysis (Ref. 5577), hence, Albula vulpes might be further split. Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Peru (Ref. 2850). Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to Florida, Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, Antilles and Caribbean to Brazil (Ref. 26938). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). The West African form is Albula goreensis, Valenciennes, 1846.
遍布全球的溫暖海域。 夏威夷種曾經被電泳分析 (參考文獻 5577) 查證,因此, Albula vulpes 可能進一步被分離。 給西非型的下一個有用的名稱是 Albula goreensis ， Valenciennes, 1846. 東太平洋: 美國加州到祕魯.(參考文獻 2850) 西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達，巴哈馬，墨西哥灣，安地列斯群島與加勒比海到巴西.(參考文獻 26938) 西北大西洋: 加拿大.(參考文獻 5951)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 37.5, range 21 - 36 cm
Max length : 104 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); 最大體重: 10.0 kg (Ref. 37955)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 19; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9; 脊椎骨: 69 - 74. Branchiostegal rays 12-14 (Ref. 4639). Silvery with dusky fins; base of pectorals yellow (Ref. 3970). Body elongate and fusiform (Ref. 4832). Last ray of dorsal and anal fins not prolonged; head region naked; spot and band absent on head; margin of nasal pore not black (Ref. 13608). Bluntly conical snout extends beyond inferior mouth (Ref. 26938). Pectoral and pelvic axillary scales present; a single long scale on each side of membrane between each ray of dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 4832).
鰓條骨 12-14.(參考文獻 4639) 銀色的有暗色的鰭; 胸鰭基底黃色.(參考文獻 3970) 細長的身體與紡錘型.(參考文獻 4832) 不被延長的背鰭與臀鰭的最後鰭條; 頭部區域裸露的; 斑點與條紋在頭部上不存在; 鼻孔的邊緣不是黑色的.(參考文獻 13608) 鈍錐形吻延伸超過下方的嘴。 (參考文獻 26938) 胸鰭與腹鰭腋窩的羽翼鱗片呈現; 在背鰭與臀鰭的每個鰭條之間的薄膜的兩邊上的一個長的鱗片.(參考文獻 4832)
Inhabits shallow coastal waters, estuaries and bays, over sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 3237). Often in schools, except large individuals which are solitary (Ref. 7251). Dorsal fin may show above surface (Ref. 42064). More or less pelagic but feeds on benthic worms, crustaceans, and mollusks (Ref. 2850); that are picked from mud and sand bottoms (Ref. 27549). Tolerates oxygen poor water by inhaling air into a lung-like airbladder (Ref. 9710). Flesh is bony and not esteemed (Ref. 9268). One of the most important game fishes worldwide (Ref. 26938).
棲息於沿岸淺水區，河口與海灣，砂與泥底部的上面。 (參考文獻 3237) 常形成魚群, 除了大的個體以外那是獨居性.(參考文獻 7251) 背鰭可能露出水面。 (參考文獻 42064) 約略大洋性的但是吃底棲的蠕蟲，甲殼動物與軟體動物.(參考文獻 2850) 藉由吸入空氣進入一個像肺一樣的氣囊容忍缺氧水。 (參考文獻 9710) 肉是多骨的而不是讚賞。 (參考文獻 9268) 在全世界的最重要遊釣魚類之一.(參考文獻 26938)
Spawning occurs in open waters. Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 205).遍布全球的溫暖海域。 夏威夷種曾經被電泳分析 (參考文獻 5577) 查證,因此, Albula vulpes 可能進一步被分離。 給西非型的下一個有用的名稱是 Albula goreensis ， Valenciennes, 1846. 東太平洋: 美國加州到祕魯.(參考文獻 2850) 西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達，巴哈馬，墨西哥灣，安地列斯群島與加勒比海到巴西.(參考文獻 26938) 西北大西洋: 加拿大.(參考文獻 5951)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1990. Albulidae. p. 122-124. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris, Vol. 1. (Ref. 4447)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.4 - 28.4, mean 27 °C (based on 1501 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5007 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00909 - 0.01825), b=3.00 (2.91 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.3; tm=2; tmax=20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.1 [8.5, 47.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.503 [0.283, 0.890] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.7, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.258 [0.146, 0.453] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [11, 40] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [7.7, 79.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.641 [0.446, 0.942] mg/100g (wet weight);
