分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 248). 熱帶; 32°N - 5°N
Africa: lower and middle Nile; Chad system including the Logone and the Shari rivers; Niger and Benoue river systems; coastal rivers of Benin, Togo, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire; Gambia and lower Senegal rivers; Volta system; relict populations occur in Mauritania and southern Algeria (Ref. 248). Also in the lower Cross in Nigeria (Ref. 81644). Trade restricted in FRG.
非洲: 尼羅河下游與中游; 查德系統包括 Logone 與 Shari 河; 尼日與 Benoue 河流域; 貝南共和國，多哥，迦納與象牙海岸的沿海的河川; 甘比亞與塞內加爾河下游; 佛塔河系統; 殘餘倖存者族群出現在茅利塔尼亞與阿爾及利亞南部。 貿易在 FRG 限制。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3799); 最大体重: 7.0 kg (Ref. 3799)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 60 - 82; 臀鳍软条: 42 - 61. Diagnosis: 16-50 gill rakers on first gill arch (much more reduced compared to Clarias gariepinus)(Ref. 57129, 81644), subject to geographical variations (Ref. 57129). Head oval-shaped to rectangular in dorsal outline; snout broadly rounded; eyes rather lateral in position and, together with relatively broad head, make for a relatively large interorbital distance; number of gill rakers on first branchial arch subject to much variation, 16-40, rarely exceeding 40; dorsal fin base situated close to occipital process; dorsal fin always terminates before caudal fin base, distance between both small; anal fin originates closer to caudal fin base than to tip of snout, nearly reaching caudal fin but never confluent; pelvic fin base slightly closer to tip of snout than to caudal fin base, reaching base of first anal fin rays; pectoral fin extend from operculum to base of first dorsal fin rays (Ref. 248). Pectoral spine slightly curved and robust (Ref. 248), serrated only on its outer side (Ref. 248, 81644), number of serrations increases with increasing standard length (Ref. 248). Lateral line appears as a small, white line running from posterior end of head to middle of caudal fin base (Ref. 248). Openings of secondary sensory canals (flank neuromasts) clearly marked, showing a regular pattern (Ref. 248, 81644).
为在第一个鳃弓上的鳃耙 (y) 的数字的复原系数 (b) 当标准长度 (x) 的功能为其分布范围在 0.013 与 0.060之间. 头部是椭圆形的到矩形的在背部的轮廓中。 额骨囱门长而狭窄的;(刀状的') 后头骨囱门相当长而椭圆形的。 在地点之间的彩色斑纹的变化。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Very common in inundated areas. Bury themselves in the mud when the pools are drying up. Feed mainly on fish and mollusks; also crustaceans, diatoms, detritus and bottom organisms (Ref. 248). Omnivorous and reproduction takes place in the rainy saison (Ref. 78218). Max. size for West Africa and Lower Guinea: 650mm TL (Ref. 57129, 81644).
非常常见于浸水的区域。 当水池被变乾的时候，埋头于泥。 主要吃鱼与软件动物; 也捕食甲壳类动物, 硅藻, 碎屑与底部生物 (参考文献 248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Breeding season varies among localities, apparently timed to the rainy season. 非洲: 尼羅河下游與中游; 查德系統包括 Logone 與 Shari 河; 尼日與 Benoue 河流域; 貝南共和國，多哥，迦納與象牙海岸的沿海的河川; 甘比亞與塞內加爾河下游; 佛塔河系統; 殘餘倖存者族群出現在茅利塔尼亞與阿爾及利亞南部。 貿易在 FRG 限制。
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00636 - 0.00993), b=2.97 (2.92 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=2-4; Fec < 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.9 [9.6, 92.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.68, 2.07] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [15.9, 18.0] %; Omega3 = 0.207 [0.067, 0.587] g/100g; Selenium = 151 [51, 382] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.3 [8.1, 69.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.721 [0.509, 1.023] mg/100g (wet weight);
