分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 1 - 55 m, usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 9298). 熱帶; 14°N - 26°S, 87°W - 32°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Panama to Trinidad and south to at least Santos, Brazil, perhaps further. Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica to the northern border of Peru at 3°34'S, perhaps further. Also found in freshwater.
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到千里達而且南至至少巴西的桑托斯, 也許更進一步。 東太平洋: 在 3 ° 34 的哥斯大黎加到祕魯的邊緣北部'S, 也許更進一步。 也發現於淡水。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 66.30 g (Ref. 118626)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 31 - 37. Snout about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching to or a little beyond edge of gill cover; anterior gill rakers mere stumps; hind border of gill cover with a small triangular projection; panamensis-type gill cover canals. Pectoral fin long; anal fin origin below midpoint of dorsal fin base. A silver stripe along flank in small individuals, disappearing with age (Ref. 189).
吻大約 3/4 眼直徑; 顎骨長的, 頂端尖的, 延伸到或稍微超過鰓蓋的邊緣; 前面的鰓耙小湖砍斷; 鰓蓋的後部邊緣具有一個小的三角形的突出; panamensis-類型的鰓蓋運河。 胸鰭長的; 在背鰭基底的中點之下的臀鰭起源。 一條銀色的斑紋在小的個體中沿著側面, 隨著年齡而消失。 (參考文獻 189)
A coastal species that apparently forms large schools. Enters brackish and fresh waters. Feeds on small fishes (including clupeoids) and prawns (Ref. 12225). Seems to spawn over an extended period in Costa Rica (small fishes caught in February, September and October). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9298).
一個顯然地形成大群魚群的沿岸魚種。 進入半鹹淡水與淡水。 吃小魚 (包括鯡魚) 與蝦。 (參考文獻 12225) 似乎在哥斯大黎加產卵於一個延長的時期之上。 (小魚捕獲於二月，九月與十月) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 9298)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Probably an extended spawning season in Costa Rica (small fishes caught in February, September and October (Ref. 189). Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 巴拿馬到千里達而且南至至少巴西的桑托斯, 也許更進一步。 東太平洋: 在 3 ° 34 的哥斯大黎加到祕魯的邊緣北部'S, 也許更進一步。 也發現於淡水。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 122 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00296 - 0.00706), b=3.17 (3.05 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.71 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 188 [109, 440] mg/100g; Iron = 1.38 [0.74, 2.46] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.338 [0.163, 0.725] g/100g; Selenium = 40.5 [18.0, 103.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.3 [5.6, 54.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.51 [1.04, 2.18] mg/100g (wet weight);
