Issue
Junior synonym Stolephorus bataviensis Hardenberg, 1933 is considered valid in CofF ver. 06 June 2023 following Hata et al., 2019 (Ref. 128121:11).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 25°N - 21°S, 71°E - 151°E (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: western Indian Ocean (from Cochin and southern tip of India to Myanmar) and western Pacific (Thailand, Java Sea, the Philippines, probably Irian Jaya, if not also Papua New Guinea, south to Queensland; perhaps even more widespread). Its geographical overlap and similarity to S. insularis cast doubts on the several Indian studies of `insularis'. One of the commonest species of genus Stolephorus.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 8.4  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.4 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 189); common length : 6.5 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 189)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 18 - 20. Belly with 5 to 7 small needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, reaching to hind border of pre-operculum, the latter almost always convex, rounded. Pelvic fin tips only rarely reaching to below dorsal fin origin. Numerous black spots below level of eye and on tip of lower jaw, by which it is generally distinguished from other species; a dark patch behind occiput.
A pelagic, schooling species found in coastal waters. Caught mainly with seines (beach and purse), traps often using light, incidentally with bottom trawls. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted or made into fish meal, fish sauce fish balls and used as bait (Ref. 9822).
Wongratana, T., T.A. Munroe and M. Nizinski, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. p. 1698-1753. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9822)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.7 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 1120 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00289 - 0.00869), b=3.07 (2.92 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.16).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 565 [193, 1,588] mg/100g; Iron = 2.77 [1.46, 4.87] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.0, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.296 [0.129, 0.704] g/100g; Selenium = 60.9 [23.8, 146.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.9 [6.2, 109.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.05 [1.92, 4.83] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.