分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 868 m (Ref. 58496), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 4701). 極; 3°C - 11°C (Ref. 127841); 80°N - 32°N, 95°W - 49°E
Western Atlantic: Nunavut, Hudson Bay to James Bay and Labrador in Canada to New Jersey in USA; rarely to Chesapeake Bay in USA and Bermuda. Eastern Atlantic: Barents Sea, Iceland and Greenland to Spain (Ref. 4701).
西大西洋: 到在美國的加拿大到紐澤西州的詹姆士海灣與拉布拉多的哈得遜灣; 很少地到美國的切薩皮克海灣與百慕達群島。 東大西洋: 巴倫支海，冰島與格陵蘭到西班牙.(參考文獻 4701)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 58426); 42.9 cm SL (female); 最大体重: 9.5 kg (Ref. 4701); 最大体重: 9.5 kg; 最大年龄: 13 年 (Ref. 54207)
背棘 (总数) : 5 - 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 9 - 11; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 9 - 10; 脊椎骨: 28 - 29. First dorsal fin present but covered by thick layer of skin forming a characteristic high crest with embedded spines. Bony tubercles present, arranged in 3 widely separated rows of large flattened tubercles on each side of body. Gill openings large, extend- extending below level of upper pectoral fin ray. Pyloric present 36-79. Ventral sucking disc formed by the modified pelvic fin (Ref. 232).
第一背鳍呈现但是被形成一个独特的高冠的皮肤的厚层有深嵌的棘盖着。 多骨的小瘤呈现,在身体的两边上排列成 3 分开很远的列大的平小瘤。 鳃裂大的, 延伸- 向下延伸上面胸鳍鳍条的水平。 幽门的呈现 36-79. 腹面吸盘由变异的腹鳍形成了。 (参考文献 232)
Basically solitary rather than a schooling fish. They exhibit a homing instinct (Ref. 9737). Adults inhabit rocky bottoms but may occur among floating seaweed. They migrate considerable distances in an annual cycle between deeper waters in winter and shallower waters in summer (Ref. 26141). Maximum depth reported at 868 m (Ref. 58426). Epibenthic-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Juveniles are found among algal clumps in bays and fjords moving offshore as they mature (Ref. 96431). During the spawning season the males become reddish in color on the underside, whereas females turn blue-green. Adults feed on ctenophores, medusas, small crustaceans, polychaetes, jelly fish and small fishes. Valued for their eggs, which make an inexpensive caviar (Ref. 9988). Eaten in Nordic countries, marketed fresh or smoked. Male flesh is most demanded and roe is sold fresh (Ref. 35388).
基本上独居性而不是一个群游性鱼。 展现归巢的本能.(参考文献 9737) 栖息于岩石底部但是可能出现在漂浮的海草之中。 在夏天在较深的水域冬天时和较水浅的水域之间的一个一年一次的周期回游相当多的距离。 (参考文献 26141) 在产卵季节的时候，雄鱼在下面上变成淡红颜色, 然而母鱼是蓝绿色。 吃栉水母，水母，小型甲壳动物，多毛类动物，水母与小鱼。 重要的是他们的卵了, 制造一个便宜的鱼子酱.(参考文献 9988) 在被在市场上销售新鲜或熏制的北欧人的国家被吃。 雄性肉是需求最多，而且鱼白生鲜地被卖。 (参考文献 35388)
Eggs are laid in large numbers on stony bottoms (Ref. 9900). Male guards egg-mass aggressively.西大西洋: 到在美國的加拿大到紐澤西州的詹姆士海灣與拉布拉多的哈得遜灣; 很少地到美國的切薩皮克海灣與百慕達群島。 東大西洋: 巴倫支海，冰島與格陵蘭到西班牙.(參考文獻 4701)
Stein, D.L., 1986. Cyclopteridae. p. 1269-1274. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. III. (Ref. 4701)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 11.4, mean 7.1 °C (based on 732 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01091 - 0.06342), b=2.99 (2.78 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12; tm=3-5; tmax=13; Fec=100,000).
Prior r = 0.15, 95% CL = 0.10 - 0.22, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14 [4, 76] mg/100g; Iron = 0.419 [0.153, 1.089] mg/100g; Protein = 14 [11, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.423 [0.162, 1.406] g/100g; Selenium = 26.2 [8.8, 69.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.4 [2.4, 72.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.20, 0.90] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
