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Teleostei >
Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) >
Osmeridae (Smelts)
Etymology: Hypomesus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek,mesos = a half (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 33312); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 5723). 北方生物帶; 71°N - 55°N
Arctic, Northwest to Northeast Pacific: drainages from Rae River (Coronation Gulf) and Great Bear Lake in Northwest Territories, Canada to Copper River in Alaska (Ref. 33312). Also rivers, estuaries and coastal waters of European and Siberian shores of Artic Ocean, from Kara drainage to Chukotka in eastern Siberia and to Korea and Hokkaido in Japan (Ref. 59043).
北極圈與太平洋: 來自 Rae 河 (加冕禮灣) 的流域與大的有到在阿拉斯加州的銅河的在加拿大西北地區的湖。 也在日本，朝鮮半島與西伯利亞的北海道.(參考文獻 559)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 10.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 11.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 50.00 g (Ref. 56527); 最大年龄: 10 年 (Ref. 72499)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 8 - 11; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 13 - 17; 脊椎骨: 52 - 56. Vomer without posterior process; periphery of glossohyal bone with single row of conical teeth, another row of smaller teeth in center; pyloric caeca 2 (1-5); base of adipose fin more than 20% of head length; adipose eyelid absent.
没有在后部的突起的犁骨; 上舌骨的外围有单列的锥形齿 , 中心的较小的齿的另列; 幽门的盲肠 2;(1-5) 脂鳍超过 20% 的头长基底; 脂眼睑不存在。
Inhabits brackish water of estuaries, lagoons, coastal waters of open sea, freshwater of lowland and piedmont rivers and lakes (Ref. 59043). Found in the middle and surface waters of ponds, lakes, and streams over a variety of bottom types (Ref. 5723, 86798). The species is basically anadromous, ascending rivers to spawn in spring (Ref. 33312). The anadromous populations are pelagic at the sea, commonly at 4-5 m depth and spawn in rivers. Landlocked populations may spawn in lakes or undertake migration to their tributaries. Spawns along shallow river shores and in backwaters with little or no current, often in lakes, on sand or gravel bottom (Ref. 59043). Within a specific lake or pond, adults are generally found in inshore spawning areas in spring and early summer, later moving offshore (Ref. 27547). Feeds on zooplankton, insects and algae (Ref. 28680, 28681). Only a few survive beyond age 3 (Ref. 27547).
发现于池塘，湖泊与溪流的中央与地表水了, 超过多种底部型态。 (参考文献 5723) 进入半淡咸水。 (参考文献 5723) 此鱼种基本上溯河洄游产卵, 溯溪产卵于春天中.(参考文献 33312) 在一个特定的湖或池塘里面，成鱼是通常发现于的沿海地区产卵区在春天与初夏，比较迟的移动外海。 (参考文献 27547) 吃浮游动物，昆虫与藻类。 (参考文献 28680,28681) 只有一些存活超过 3 岁.(参考文献 27547)
北極圈與太平洋: 來自 Rae 河 (加冕禮灣) 的流域與大的有到在阿拉斯加州的銅河的在加拿大西北地區的湖。 也在日本，朝鮮半島與西伯利亞的北海道.(參考文獻 559)
Saruwatari, T., J.A. López and T.W. Pietsch, 1997. A revision of the ormerid genus Hypomesus Gill (Teleostei: Salmoniformes), with a description of a new species from the southern Kuril Islands. Species Diversity 2:59-82. (Ref. 33312)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00249 - 0.00637), b=3.20 (3.06 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
